In Faroese, ⟨ð⟩ is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. In the Icelandic alphabet, ⟨ð⟩ follows ⟨d⟩. The ⟨ð⟩ in the name of the letter is devoiced in the nominative and accusative cases. Generally, /θ/ is represented by thorn ⟨Þ⟩ at the beginning of words and by ⟨ð⟩ elsewhere. In Icelandic, ⟨ð⟩, called 'eð', represents an alveolar non-sibilant fricative, voiced intervocalically and word-finally, and voiceless otherwise, which form one phoneme, /θ/. Icelandic A sample of Icelandic handwriting with some instances of lowercase ð clearly visible: in the words Borðum, við and niður. ⟨Þ⟩ completely overtook ⟨ð⟩ by Middle English, and ⟨þ⟩ died out by Early Modern English, mostly due to the rise of the printing press, and was replaced by the digraph th. Under King Alfred the Great, ⟨þ⟩ grew greatly in popularity and started to overtake ⟨ð⟩. Another source indicates that the letter is 'derived from Irish writing'. A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that ⟨ð⟩ (along with ⟨ đ⟩) began to emerge in the early 8th century, with ⟨ð⟩ becoming strongly preferred by the 780s. Neither ⟨ð⟩ nor ⟨þ⟩ was found in the earliest records of Old English. Unlike the runic letter ⟨ þ⟩, ⟨ð⟩ is a modified Roman letter. In Old English, ⟨ð⟩ (called ðæt) was used interchangeably with ⟨ þ⟩ to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme / θ/ or its allophone / ð/, which exist in modern English phonology as the voiced and voiceless dental fricatives both now spelled ⟨ th⟩. The lowercase version has been adopted to represent a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with ⟨ dh⟩, and later ⟨ d⟩. Eth in Arial and Times New RomanĮth ( / ɛ ð/ edh, uppercase: Ð, lowercase: ð also spelled edh or eð), known as ðæt in Old English, is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called edd), and Elfdalian. For the notations ⟨ ⟩, / / and used in this article, see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters. This page uses orthographic and related notations.

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